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Everywhere I go, every channel I turn to – it seems all I hear is the “i” word. Yes, inflation. And the data are ugly right now:
The data and the media attention around inflation have altered market-based inflation expectations:
It is also having an impact on shorter-term consumer inflation expectations.
Last week, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York released its Survey of Consumer Inflation Expectations for October. Median inflation expectations increased to 5.7% for one year ahead, which is a series high (although keep in mind the inception of the survey only goes back to June 2013) and the twelfth consecutive increase.5 The survey had some positive takeaways: After increasing for three consecutive months, median inflation expectations for three years ahead stayed the same for October (4.2%).5
The University of Michigan released its preliminary survey results for November on Nov. 12, and the findings are very similar to that of the New York Fed. U.S. inflation expectations for the year ahead edged up to 4.9% in early November of 2021 from 4.8%in October, the highest since July 2008.6 However, five-year inflation expectations are unchanged since the previous reading at 2.9%.6
Most of the questions we are receiving from clients are on the topic of inflation. Financial advisors are sharing with me that most questions they are receiving from clients are on the topic of inflation. Older clients in particular are fearful that this is the 1970s all over again.
So why shouldn’t investors be fearful of inflation? I see five reasons to remain calm.
1. Inflation is a necessary evil as countries emerge from the pandemic, especially for the many countries, such as the United States, that provided adequate fiscal stimulus this time around (as opposed to during the Global Financial Crisis). Household savings are elevated, there is pent-up demand, there are labour shortages, and there are supply chain disruptions.
We’re facing a perfect storm – but it’s better than still being in the depths of the pandemic. As I say each birthday, as I grimace about the growing candles on my cake, “This is better than the alternative.” And so it is with high inflation.
2. Light at the end of the tunnel. While the tunnel may be a bit longer than first expected, I do see light at the end of it. The public has come to realize that inflation likely won’t be over in a few months – but I believe it is likely to peak in mid-2022 and then start to recede. There are multiple reasons for elevated inflation, and some factors, such as pent-up demand, will dissipate sooner than others, but the general trend should improve in the back half of 2022.
3. Tolerant central banks. The U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) will not overreact to the inflation data, in my view. The Fed recognizes that the factors causing high inflation will not easily be remedied through aggressive rate hikes. Raising the fed funds rate will not force more people back into the workforce or get ships unloaded in the port of Long Beach any faster.
Under the leadership of Chair Jay Powell, the Fed seems hyper-aware of not making a policy error. And I think the Fed would only get more dovish if Lael Brainerd were appointed the new Fed Chair. (Brainerd, a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, recently interviewed for the post.)
While other developed central banks may feel more pressure to tighten, I don’t expect overly aggressive tightening. It is also worth noting that the People’s Bank of China is actually in easing mode. And so, all in all, the environment should remain supportive of risk assets given positive economic fundamentals.
4. Longer-term inflation expectations remain relatively well-anchored. Consumers seem to understand that while inflation might be very elevated in the shorter term, it will come down. We saw this in both the Michigan and New York Fed surveys released last week. This helps provide the rationale the Fed needs to avoid a hastening of its rate hikes.
5. Inflation is not making much of a dent in profit margins. Yes, companies are talking a lot about inflation on their earnings calls, but it hasn’t had much of an impact on earnings. The earnings season in Europe has been better than expected. And thus far, the net profit margin for S&P 500 Index companies in the third quarter is 12.9%, which is near a record-high.7 And the fourth-quarter net profit margin is estimated to be 11.8%, which is still robust.7
In this quarter’s earnings calls, a number of companies reported being able to pass increased costs onto customers, which helps explain the very healthy profit margins. And while this is not positive for consumers, it should be positive for equity investors.
So what’s the bottom line? I believe we need to expect inflation to remain high – and likely move higher – as we head into 2022. However, I am confident that inflation will peak by mid-2022 and that the Fed will not make a policy error – and that’s the real fear for investors with regard to inflation.
I believe investors should remain well-diversified and focused on longer-term goals. I favour maintaining exposure to equities, including dividend-paying equities, inflation-protected securities, and other asset classes that have historically performed well during inflationary periods, including real estate and commodities.
Kristina Hooper is Global Market Strategist at Invesco.
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Notes
1. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
2. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China
3. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, released Nov. 8, 2021
6. Source: University of Michigan as of Nov. 12
7. Source: FactSet, as of Nov. 12, 2021
Some references are U.S. centric and may not apply to Canada.
The consumer price index (CPI) measures change in consumer prices as determined by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Core CPI excludes food and energy prices.
The breakeven inflation rate is the difference between the yield of a nominal bond and the yield of an inflation-linked bond of the same maturity. It represents the market’s expectations for inflation.
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Disclaimer
© 2021 by Invesco Canada Ltd. Reprinted with permission.
The opinions referenced above are those of the author as of Nov. 15, 2021. These comments should not be construed as recommendations, but as an illustration of broader themes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions; there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations. Diversification does not guarantee a profit or eliminate the risk of loss. All investing involves risk, including the risk of loss.
Diversification does not guarantee a profit or eliminate the risk of loss.
In general, stock values fluctuate, sometimes widely, in response to activities specific to the company as well as general market, economic and political conditions.
Common stocks do not assure dividend payments. Dividends are paid only when declared by an issuer’s board of directors and the amount of any dividend may vary over time.
Commodities may subject an investor to greater volatility than traditional securities such as stocks and bonds and can fluctuate significantly based on weather, political, tax, and other regulatory and market developments.
Investments in real estate related instruments may be affected by economic, legal, or environmental factors that affect property values, rents or occupancies of real estate. Real estate companies, including REITs or similar structures, tend to be small and mid-cap companies and their shares may be more volatile and less liquid.
Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with fund investments. Please read the simplified prospectus before investing. Investment funds are not guaranteed and are not covered by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation or by any other government deposit insurer. There can be no assurances that any fund or security will be able to maintain its net asset value per security at a constant amount or that the full amount of your investment in the fund will be returned to you. Fund values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. No guarantee of performance is made or implied. The foregoing is for general information purposes only. This information is not intended to provide specific personalized advice including, without limitation, investment, financial, legal, accounting or tax advice.
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